Luxembourg Institute of Health - Annual Report 2022

The Luxembourg Institute of Health and Advanced Biological Laboratories develop joint diagnostic solutions

In January 2022, the LIH and Advanced Biological Laboratories (ABL) signed a collaboration agreement to develop two in vitro diagnostic solutions to measure neutralising antibody levels and predict immune protection against COVID-19.

The LIH established a reference viral neutralisation assay that measured the activity of neutralising antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and developed a more accessible surrogate variant neutralisation test. The collaboration with ABL aimed to establish a service-based product with the reference variant neutralisation assay and to manufacture the neutralisation test for in vitro testing against different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The goal was to provide standardized and sensitive tests to assess SARS-CoV-2 immunity and to guide vaccination strategies at the personal level.

"Such a partnership with ABL was extremely valuable for us. As part of our new strategy, we aimed to have an impact that positively affects the lives of the patients and this partnership put us in a position where we could effectively do that,” said Ulf Nehrbass, CEO of the LIH.

Shedding light on COVID-19: Research Luxembourg presents CoVaLux

In February 2022, Research Luxembourg unveiled the CoVaLux research programme, a comprehensive study aimed at addressing key unanswered questions related to COVID-19, specifically focused on vaccination and the long-term health impacts of the virus. The programme benefits from the close collaboration within Research Luxembourg, public research institutions and clinical partners, and relies on the expertise of national academic and healthcare players for the collection and analysis of various health and socio-economic data.

CoVaLux assesses the impacts of vaccination, vaccine efficacy, post-vaccination and breakthrough infections, as well as investigates immune responses, the emergence of new variants and clinical symptoms in cases of re-infection. The study has also revealed several aspects of Long COVID, such as the characteristics and prevalence of symptoms, the existence of risk factors, potential links to pre-existing comorbidities, and socio-economic and environmental determinants.

The programme has built on previous studies and relied on complementary data retrieved from different sources, including medico-administrative data, health and socio-economic information, and biological samples.

The why behind mild COVID-19: Findings from all-Luxembourg study help to anticipate a personal COVID-19 health trajectory

In March 2022, researchers from the Department of Infection and Immunity identified early-stage immune responses that can differentiate mild COVID-19 patients, hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and non-infected household controls. The team used state-of-the-art deep immune profiling and systems driven data analysis, and found that a unique combination of immune responses in mild patients, including coordinated immune responses within three days following a positive PCR test, was responsible for the mild symptoms. Furthermore, the researchers found that hospitalized patients experienced an impaired frequency of innate immune cells and the expression of key functional molecules.

The study's results were published in the biomedical journal Cell Reports Medicine and based on the longitudinal Predi-COVID cohort, which collected data from COVID-19-positive adults in Luxembourg and followed the evolution of their symptoms.

"Our work provides a rich data and clinical sample resource based on the unique opportunity to fully explore and understand all essential facets of the early-stage and dynamic immunological changes following recent SARS-CoV-2 infection in mild COVID-19 patients, using an unbiased, combinatorial and prospective approach,” said Dr Markus Ollert, Director of the Department of Infection and Immunity.

Multiple types of long COVID identified for the first time

A consortium of Luxembourg research institutions, including the Deep Digital Phenotyping unit of the DoPH, found that COVID-19 patients with more severe initial infections were more than twice as likely to experience persistent symptoms 12 months after the initial acute infection, with a significant increase in frequency and severity.

The study, published in August 2022, found that almost 60% of the 289 adult participants from the Predi-COVID cohort reported at least one symptom, with an average of six symptoms, ranging from the more commonly known fatigue and shortness of breath to less well-known symptoms like memory loss and gastrointestinal problems. A significant outcome of the study was the fact that the researchers uncovered patterns in participants' symptoms, which suggests that Long COVID is likely made up of multiple sub-categories rather than a single disease. The study also highlighted a significant impact on sleep quality due to Long COVID.

These findings can help predict outcomes, uncover more about the disease, and lead to better therapies for Long COVID. The study was coordinated by Research Luxembourg and published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases.

Stay active, stop COVID-19

In April 2022, a consortium of Luxembourg research institutions led by the LIH Physical Activity, Sport and Health (PASH) research group led by Dr Laurent Malisoux published a study that found that individuals who were more physically active before contracting COVID-19 were less likely to experience severe illness and symptoms such as fatigue, dry cough, and chest pain.

The study was part of the "Predi-COVID" project, which aims to identify patient profiles that are associated with a more severe prognosis for COVID-19. The study analysed the physical activity of 452 volunteers between the ages of 31 and 51, using a questionnaire to rank each individual's physical activity on a weekly basis, which was then compared with their symptoms and disease severity.

The findings suggested that regular physical activity might be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 severity, including moderate illness. The success of Predi-COVID also led to the creation of CoVaLux, which focuses on vaccine efficacy and the long-term health implications of COVID-19.

The sound of COVID-19

The Predi-COVID Cohort study, led by Dr Guy Fagherazzi of the Dept. of Precision Health, showed for the first time that vocal recordings of COVID-19 affected people could be used as a biomarker to monitor related symptoms of the disease. This technology could be a novel and non-invasive way for healthcare practitioners to remotely monitor patients and provide immediate help for those at risk.

The study, published in October 2022, obtained vocal data via Predi-COVID, a study of people who tested positive for COVID-19, where participants regularly recorded themselves with their smartphones while reading a set text and filling out a questionnaire about their symptoms and general health status. The researchers used this data to derive a vocal biomarker that accurately monitors symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19. This new technology could revolutionize how patients are monitored and treated, while relieving some burden from healthcare systems.

"Such a vocal biomarker could be integrated into future telemonitoring solutions, digital devices, or in clinical practice. It offers an easily available, non-invasive tool to collect data that can be used from home,” said Dr Guy Fagherazzi, leader of the study.

LIH selected as secondary depot for COVID-19 vaccines storage

In September 2022, the LIH was selected by the Ministry of Health to host a secondary depot for freezers containing COVID-19 vaccines in a dedicated area in the Biorepository department at IBBL. For the infrastructure to be operational and fit-for-purpose by October 19th for the official inspection, several actions were implemented in a short timeframe. Namely, the electrical installation of the infrastructure was upgraded with the support of the Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS); a workflow to ensure the receipt of the vaccines and their direct storage in freezers within 20 minutes was implemented, requiring up to 6 staff members working in parallel per delivery; a project-specific operating procedure (PSOP) was developed to ensure the quality of the different activities related to the receipt, inventory, and storage of vaccines and their distribution to the Comptoir Pharmaceutique Luxembourgeois (CPL); and the first 11 freezers were installed and secured with two independent alarm systems. The first round of vaccines was thus received on October 26th, and 8 additional freezers were installed before a second delivery in November, bringing the total number of stored vaccines to 86,760.

LIH paves the way to revolutionise cancer immunotherapy through two EU funded projects

In March 2022, the EU funded two translational research projects (PreCyse and C2I) led by the Tumour Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group of Dr Bassam Janji at the LIH in partnership with Cytovation in Norway, AC BioScience in Switzerland, and the Gustave Roussy Cancer Center in France. The aim of these projects is to assess innovative combination immunotherapies for the benefit of cancer patients.

While immunotherapy has emerged as a ground-breaking new therapy for many aggressive cancers resistant to conventional therapies, its long-term benefit has only been observed in a minority of patients thus far.

Based on scientific evidence and fuelled by the synergistic cooperation between the TIME group, Cytovation, AC Bioscience, and Gustave Roussy, the objective of PreCyse and C2I projects is to assess innovative immunotherapeutic approaches by prioritizing smart and promising combinations. The projects will pave the way towards designing a new wave of more effective and less toxic immunotherapies that could create tremendous enthusiasm in anticancer care.

LIH led collaboration targets cancer cell metabolism to help prevent secondary tumours

A team of international cancer researchers led by Dr Johannes Meiser and his team in the Cancer Metabolism Group discovered that targeting specific metabolic pathways in cancer cells could prevent them from spreading to other parts of the body.

Metastasis is one of the most dangerous features of cancer, as cells that survive conventional therapies and migrate to other regions can form secondary tumours, which account for the majority of cancer deaths. Currently, the most commonly used drugs to treat cancer are those that target the cells ability to replicate, ideally slowing, preventing or reversing tumour growth. The researchers focused on a metabolic pathway known as one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which is spread across two main local compartments of the cell. They discovered that a specific part of 1C metabolism confers an advantage to cancer cells by supporting their motility potential. The team showed that targeting this part of the pathway inhibits tumour metastasis in a breast cancer model.

The results of the study, published in May 2022, could provide a major advantage in the fight against a wide range of cancers.

Master hijackers: uncovering how leukaemia disarms the body’s defences

Researchers in the Tumour Stroma Interactions group led by Dr Etienne Moussay and Dr Jerome Paggetti found that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by tumours and their surrounding cells in mice with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia block the immune system, preventing it from destroying cancer cells.

The team discovered that the leukemic sEVs alter the body’s T-cells, making them ‘exhausted’ and unable to trigger an immune response, thereby enabling the cancer to spread. This study is a crucial step towards understanding how cancer disarms the immune system and could provide a new avenue for the treatment of leukaemia and other cancers. Moreover, the team found that high expression of genes related to sEV biogenesis correlated with a more aggressive form of the disease and poorer prognosis and survival rates in a large cohort of patients.

These findings could lead to screening of leukaemia patients for sEV-related genes in order to understand their prognosis and determine appropriate treatment. The study was published in September 2022 in Blood Cancer Discovery, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, and selected for the January 2023 issue cover.

Allergies, an ally against cancer?

A study conducted by the Neuro-Immunology group, the Allergy and Clinical Immunology group, and the NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory found that an allergic immune response in mice implanted with brain tumour cells can prevent their growth and progression, confirming epidemiological links found in patients.

The study, published in October 2022, shows how allergic inflammation can reprogram the brain's immune cells to better defend against tumours. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of cancer that occurs in the brain and is currently incurable. Despite the range of available cancer treatments, GBMs are able to evade the immune system. However, the study found that allergies cause the brain's immune cells to reprogram themselves into a more aggressive inflammatory state, combating the implanted GBM cells and preventing their growth. The study's findings will pave the way towards the advancement of new therapies targeting microglia and their ability to mobilize the immune system against GBM.

Work by the NORLUX Neuro-Oncology lab contributes to two publications in Cell

The NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory at the LIH has been collecting brain tumour samples and developing patient avatars for almost two decades, leading to a high level of scientific excellence and translational potential. Through its international collaborations, the lab's efforts have contributed to two publications in the prestigious scientific journal Cell in June and August 2022.

The first study, conducted in collaboration with the University of Heidelberg, explored the close relationship between cellular heterogeneity and glioblastoma dissemination in the brain, highlighting the interactions between glioblastoma cells and the neuronal network. The LIH team provided essential single cell transcriptomic analysis of patient-derived models to support the study findings.

In the second study, members of the GLASS consortium, including LIH team members, identified phenotypic changes in the glioma ecosystem upon treatment and disease recurrence, highlighting distinct interactions in the surrounding microenvironment. This work was made possible by the NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory providing patient tumour samples from the Luxembourg brain tumour biobank for molecular characterization.

The publications in Cell reflect the quality of these international collaborations and the importance of the NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory's efforts in brain tumour research.

Forever Young: a new genetic brake for an ageing immune system

A study led by Dr Feng He of the Immune Systems Biology Group identified a surprising age-defying effect on the immune system resulting from a deficiency that usually causes Parkinson's disease.

Immunoageing refers to the fact that the immune system declines with age, making people more susceptible to many illnesses. The researchers examined a protein, DJ-1, which is deficient in early onset familial Parkinson’s disease, and found that it may also play a critical role in regulating immunoageing. They discovered a reduced immunoageing process in T-cell compartments of mice with a targeted emphasis on the specific action of DJ-1, compared to normal mice of the same age. The findings revealed an unexpected link between DJ-1 deficiency and reduced immunoageing, suggesting that reducing DJ-1 from a young age could help keep the immune system young.

Further research is necessary to understand the detailed molecular mechanisms by which DJ-1 regulates immunoageing, but the findings, published in EMBO Reports in January 2022, offer a potent strategy to interfere with or model immunoageing for various complex and infectious diseases.

Novel treatment aims to slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease

In May 2022, the LIH and the Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL) launched PADOVA, a clinical trial sponsored by Roche that evaluates the efficacy and safety of prasinezumab in early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Prasinezumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets misfolded alpha-synuclein, a protein associated with the nerve cell damage that leads to PD. The study, conducted across nine countries, recruited 575 patients between the ages of 50 and 85 with a confirmed PD diagnosis between 6 months and 3 years. Participants receive either prasinezumab or a placebo intravenously once a month for about two years, in addition to their regular medication. The study is being conducted at the CHL with the support of the LIH's Transversal Translational Medicine team and the Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre.

"From a scientific perspective, prasinezumab holds the promise of targeting the root cause of neurodegeneration in PD. This would not only give patients another treatment option – it could change their lives,” said Prof Rejko Krüger, Director of the Transversal Translational Medicine Unit.

A surprising connection between immune balance, ageing and a Parkinson’s disease gene

A team of researchers led by Dr Feng He at the Department of Infection and Immunity investigated the links between the loss of function of a protein called DJ-1 and the regulation of metabolic enzymes in immune cells.

While it was already known that DJ-1 mutations lead to early onset Parkinson’s, there were no clear links between DJ-1 deficiency and related metabolic functions in immune cells. The study, published in Nature Metabolism in May 2022, found that DJ-1 acts as a pacemaker that regulates the functionality of a key metabolic enzyme in specialised regulatory immune cells called Treg cells. The researchers used mouse models to investigate the effect of removing DJ-1 on the enzyme fundamental to mitochondria and their energetic functionality. Without DJ-1, a lower count of Treg cells only appeared in older but not younger mice, leading to physiological dysregulation.

The study's findings may provide a new target for therapies looking to restore balance in a dysregulated immune system in many non-communicable ageing-related diseases.

A new survey to detect risk factors for Parkinson’s disease

In September 2022, the National Centre of Excellence in Research on Parkinson's Disease (NCER-PD) in Luxembourg launched an online survey in collaboration with Parkinson's research centres in Germany, Austria, and Spain, aiming to identify methods to predict the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.

The study is supported by the Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF) and is the first step toward Luxembourg joining the global MJFF initiative. The "Healthy Ageing" survey collects data on demographics, occupation, lifestyle, and medical history to calculate risk scores for Parkinson's disease. The researchers will use the data to create a European hub for the risk screening of Parkinson's. The project leverages the NCER-PD team's expertise and collaborations with several countries, enabling the development of novel prevention strategies that are urgently needed.

“We are very excited to join this prestigious network and we can be very proud of the efforts of the NCER-PD team over the past 8 years. They put Luxembourg on the international stage among the key players in Parkinson’s research,” said Prof Rejko Krüger, NCER-PD coordinator.

Colive Voice secures numerous partnerships

Colive Voice, a digital health study led by the LIH Deep Digital Phenotyping group at DoPH, has collaborated with several organizations around the world in order to identify vocal biomarkers for cancer, diabetes, and other chronic diseases.

The LIH is working with the Hôpitaux Robert Schuman and its clinical research unit to advance the diagnosis, risk prediction and remote monitoring of chronic diseases through the study. The French association Les Seintinelles and the Quebec Cancer Foundation in Canada are supporting the study to identify vocal biomarkers for various cancer types. The Luxembourg foundation Think Pink, an organization aiding women affected by cancer, has also graciously supported Colive Voice financially.

Additionally, the LIH has collaborated with the Diabète Lab and Type 1 Running Team association in France, along with the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation of Chile, to recruit participants with diabetes and identify vocal biomarkers for the disease. These vocal biomarkers could lead to the development of voice technologies for telemedicine, remote monitoring of patients between clinical visits, and evaluation of the efficacy of drugs in clinical trials. By improving the identification and management of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cancer, Colive Voice hopes to improve the quality of life of millions of patients worldwide.

Driving the future of health technology

Luxembourg's Ministry of the Economy, the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), and Luxinnovation jointly launched a call for proposals in April 2021 to stimulate collaborative R&D projects in health technologies using digital tools and data analysis. One year later, four projects led by the LIH were selected for funding. These aim to develop innovative devices or digital health solutions that address autism, chronic respiratory diseases, Long-COVID, and orthopaedic conditions.

The projects are:

QTrobot, a therapeutic device for in-home therapy of children with autism, under Dr Manon Gantenbein of the Clinical & Epidemiological Investigation Centre.

Care4Asthma, a non-invasive and personalised solution for asthma diagnosis and care, under Dr Christiane Hilger of the Molecular and Translational Allergology Group.

GAITORING, a digital health solution that monitors gait patterns and physical activity in patients with orthopaedic conditions, under Dr Laurent Malisoux of the Physical Activity, Sport & Health Group.

DigiCog, a novel digital device that quickly evaluates cognitive function using eye movements and explores the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on cognition, under Dr Magali Perquin of the Neuroimaging Group.

They are funded by a total budget of 6.10 million €, with co-financing from the Ministry of the Economy and the FNR covering 75% of the total amount.

Digital patient monitoring takes first steps

The LIH and the Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg have partnered with Luxembourg technology firm IEE to launch the GAITORING project, which aims to develop wearable digital technology that allows care providers to remotely monitor their patients when performing regular daily activities. The technology will help healthcare professionals improve patient care and avoid the long-term consequences of orthopaedic conditions such as arthrosis.

The project involves the development and validation of a remote monitoring system called WalkinSense, which includes pressure-sensitive insoles developed by IEE, linked with inertial measurement units that detect patient motion, and analysis software to interpret the data. The gait and load data is transmitted to a smart device via Bluetooth and uploaded to the cloud.

The project aims to refine the technology with feedback from patients and clinicians to create a practical system with maximum real-world impact. The study began in June 2022 and will last until November 2024.

To B or not to B: Insights into the regulation of anti-viral immunity

B cells play a vital role in our immune response by producing antibodies against viruses and bacteria. Marginal zone B cells (MZB) and follicular B cells (FoB) are two different types of B cells, with MZB cells responding to blood-borne pathogens as the first line of defence, and FoB cells producing antibodies against protein antigens.

A new study conducted by the Experimental & Molecular Immunology lab led by Prof Dirk Brenner, and published in the renowned journal Nature Communications, sought to understand the metabolic differences between these two types of B cells. Researchers altered the production of glutathione, an antioxidant, in each cell type, and observed the resulting changes. The study found that inhibiting glutathione production in MZB cells had a significant impact on cell development and maintenance, while FoB cells adapted by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. However, this adaptation led to an accumulation of defective mitochondria in FoB cells, making them less effective at producing antibodies against viruses. The study's findings provides insight into the unique metabolic regulation of different types of B cells and offers the potential for targeted treatments for infectious diseases.

LIH scientists bring pioneering insights on poorly understood meat allergy

A team of researchers led by Dr Christiane Hilger, group leader of the Molecular and Translational Allergology Group, discovered that α-Gal syndrome, a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction to red meat, can be triggered by the α-Gal sugar molecule irrespective of its carrier molecule. They found that the abundance of the sugar and the stability of its carrier were the key factors.

The syndrome is thought to stem from tick bites that transmit α-Gal, leading to the development of an allergy towards red meat. The team identified that meat proteins carrying α-Gal are a more potent trigger of an allergic reaction than meat lipids. The gastric and intestinal digestion of meat proteins were simulated, indicating that α-Gal carrying proteins survive gastric digestion and remain stable long enough to cause delayed reactions upon absorption in the intestine.

These findings bring a new dimension to the understanding of carbohydrate allergenicity, which is currently not well understood. The discovery may help develop appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment for α-Gal syndrome. The study was published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in April 2022 and was funded by the FNR and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

Mesaconic acid: Effective against an overactive immune system

Scientists from the Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology led by Prof Karsten Hiller, in collaboration with Prof Dirk Brenner’s team at the LIH, have discovered a potential new drug candidate. The research was funded by a binational grant from the FNR.

The team found that mesaconic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body, has anti-inflammatory effects similar to itaconic acid, which fights bacteria and inflammation. Mesaconic acid is derived from itaconic acid, which was discovered by the same research team in 2013. However, unlike itaconic acid, mesaconic acid does not block the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is a central player in cell metabolism and cellular respiration. The researchers found that mesaconic acid could help restore an overactive immune system to its normal state. This property makes it a promising drug candidate for treating septic shock and autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease.

The results were published in the leading journal Nature Metabolism and further research is currently underway to explore the metabolic processes underlying this exciting development.

LIH-made compound leads to discovery on how drug targets work

A study led by the University of Wisconsin in collaboration with the LIH used LIH383, a proprietary molecule developed by the LIH, to target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and gain insights into their regulation.

GPCRs, found on the surface of cells, are targets for over a third of marketed drugs and are responsible for regulating functions such as sight, taste, smell, blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, and the immune system. The study found how some GPCRs selectively recruit β-arrestins, proteins that can block or regulate their activity, to control signalling pathways independently.

Using nuclear magnetic resonance and the LIH's NanoLux platform, the researchers found how ACKR3, a GPCR that exclusively binds to β-arrestins, can adopt a conformation to selectively bind them and regulate functional cellular responses. The findings not only provide a more detailed understanding of GPCR function but also how they can be regulated by small compounds.

LIH383 itself was originally developed for pain relief and can bind specifically to ACKR3, potentially leading to the development of new drugs for pain and depression.

Getting to the guts of autoimmune diseases

Researchers led by Prof Mahesh Desai of the Dept. of Infection and Immunity and Prof Hiroshi Ohno of the RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences in Japan analysed the potential causal relationships between extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases (ADs), such as multiple sclerosis, and the gut microbiome.

Their study, published in Nature Reviews Immunology in May 2022, indicates that therapies targeting gut flora may be the key to treating ADs. By identifying a range of potential links between the microbiome and immune diseases, the researchers were able to devise interventions that could directly benefit patients, from faecal transplants to the use of tapeworms, with the aim of modulating the body’s immune response by manipulating the gut microbiome.

The researchers used next-generation sequencing techniques to identify changes in the gut microbiome of patients with extra-intestinal ADs, as compared to healthy individuals, in order to find out how changes in the microbiome's composition could relate to the alarming rise in ADs. They found potentially important links between certain microbial populations within the gut, and the levels and locations of key immune cells in the body linked to inflammation.

Peanut allergies: Mapping real-time allergic responses

In a study led by Dr Annette Kuehn and Prof Markus Ollert, in collaboration with Dr Morel-Codreanu of the National Allergology-Immunology Unit at the Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, researchers investigated for the first time the real-time immune response of children with peanut allergies.

The aim of the study was to identify biological markers in children that could help clinicians to assess how and under which circumstances a child might react, with future implications for better treatments and prevention strategies. The researchers found that it was possible to discriminate between those with or without an allergic response based on the immune signatures in their blood. The team also identified groups of children that tolerated higher or lower doses of peanuts before developing an allergic response, based on variations in the number of their white blood cells and other key immune cells. The results could serve as a powerful diagnostic approach for clinicians, reducing the need for laborious and costly medical approaches, which may be hazardous to health.

Recently, food allergies have developed into an important public health issue. Thus, many patients will benefit from innovative strategies, such the one developed in this study.

The FNR Awards Prof Rejko Krüger

LIH scientist appointed member of the Académie Lorraine des Sciences

"The scientific world has a reputation for being inaccessible and hard to understand, but it doesn’t have to be this way. I hope that this new appointment will give me more tools to show the world the extraordinary things that can only be revealed with scientific disciplines, to make science accessible to the many instead of the few. Only then will the public experience the excitement of a new discovery,” commented Dr Appenzeller.

LIH scientist recognised as one of the world’s most highly cited researchers

World Health Organisation nominates Luxembourg lab as an official Collaborating Centre

LIH scientists in the National Health Observatory